About This Surah
Surah Ad-Dukhan (الدخان) is the 44th chapter of the Qur'an, with 59 verses revealed in Mecca. Its main themes are cosmology, eschatology, and theology. It prominently features Pharaoh and Idris.
Topical Breakdown
Verses 1–2030
- 1Quranic Inimitability
- 2The Clear and Clarifying Book
- 3Divine Purpose of Warning Humanity
- 3Sending Down the Quran on the Blessed Night
- 4Apportionment of Every Wise Matter
- 5Decree Originating Directly from God
- 5Divine Practice of Sending Messengers
- 6Revelation as Mercy from the Lord
- 6The All-Hearing, The All-Knowing
- 7Certainty in Divine Lordship
- 7Lord of Heavens, Earth, and Everything Between
- 8Lord of Present Generations and Ancient Forefathers
- 8No Deity Except Him Who Gives Life and Causes Death
- 9Skeptical Doubts and Playful Disregard of Truth
- 10Anticipating the Day of the Evident Smoke in the Sky
- 11Enveloping Smoke as a Painful Torment
- 12Disbelievers Begging for Torment to be Lifted Claiming Faith
- 13Unavailing Remorse After Having Rejected a Clear Messenger
- 14Turning Away and Slandering the Prophet as Tutored and Mad
- 15Relapse into Disbelief and Ingratitude
- 15Temporary Removal of Torment
- 16Execution of Divine Retribution
- 16Striking with the Greatest Mighty Blow
- 17Arrival of Moses as a Noble Messenger
- 17Trial of Pharaoh's People Before Makkah
- 18Affirming Trustworthiness in Conveying Prophethood
- 18Moses Demanding the Release of the Servants of God
- 19Presenting Manifest and Clear Authority
- 19Warning Pharaoh Against Exalting Himself Above God
- 20Moses Seeking Refuge in the Lord of All Against Stoning
Verses 21–4025
- 21Requesting Non-Interference if They Refuse Faith
- 22Moses Pleading to His Lord Identifying Oppressors as Criminals
- 23Command to Depart with the Servants by Night
- 23Foretelling That Pharaoh's Army Would Pursue
- 24Command to Leave the Sea at Rest
- 24Destiny of Pharaoh's Host to be Drowned
- 25Abandoning Gardens and Gushing Springs
- 26Abandoning Crops and Noble Splendid Mansions
- 27Abandoning Comfort and Delights They Relished
- 28Bestowing Inheritance of Lands Upon Another People
- 29Denial of Respite When Retribution Strikes
- 29Neither Heaven Nor Earth Weeping for Fallen Tyrants
- 30Saving the Children of Israel from Humiliating Subjugation
- 31Pharaoh's Character as a Transgressing Tyrant
- 32Deliberate Divine Choice Above Contemporary Nations
- 33Granting Signs Containing Clear Tests and Trials
- 34Disbelievers Arguing Against Resurrection
- 35Materialist Claim That Death is the Final End
- 36Challenging the Prophet to Resurrect Forefathers
- 37Comparison with the Destroyed People of Tubba and Predecessors
- 37Destruction of Criminal Nations for Their Sins
- 38Negation of Meaningless Play in Creating Heavens and Earth
- 39Cosmic Creation Founded Exclusively on Truth and Wisdom
- 39Ignorance of Most Mankind Concerning Divine Purpose
- 40The Day of Decision as the Appointed Time for All
Verses 41–5925
- 41No Ally Availing an Ally on That Day
- 41Total Deprivation of Outside Help
- 42Salvation Restricted to Those Receiving Divine Mercy
- 42The Almighty, The Most Merciful
- 43Tree of Zaqqum as Food for Persistent Sinners
- 44Zaqqum Like Molten Brass
- 45Boiling in the Bellies Like Scalding Water
- 46Similitude of Boiling Scalding Fluid
- 47Command to Seize and Drag Sinners into Midst of Hell
- 48Pouring Scalding Water Over the Sinner's Head
- 49Sarcastic Rebuking of the Sinner's False Worldly Might and Nobility
- 50Confronting Sinners with the Reality They Used to Doubt
- 51The Righteous Settled in a Secure Sanctuary
- 52Dwelling in Lush Gardens and Springs
- 53Seated Face to Face in Harmony
- 53Wearing Garments of Fine Silk and Rich Brocade
- 54Blessed Spouses of Wide, Beautiful Eyes (Hoor 'Een)
- 55Calling for Abundant Fruits in Complete Security
- 56Divine Protection from the Torment of Hellfire
- 56Never Tasting Death After the First Earthly Passing
- 57Attainment of the Ultimate Triumph
- 57Paradise as Pure Grace from the Lord
- 58Facilitation of the Quran in the Prophet's Tongue
- 59Command to Wait and Watch for Divine Justice
- 59Disbelievers Watching and Awaiting Their Fate
Verse Tone Progression
Command
Narrative
Promise
Warning
Consolation
Praise
Neutral
Concept Frequency Cloud
Top Concept Co-Occurrences
knowledge↔Allah350
Allah↔faith306
the heavens↔the earth221
messenger↔Allah188
Allah↔the earth186
punishment of hellfire↔Allah127
the heavens↔Allah126
messenger↔faith91
knowledge↔faith84
knowledge↔the earth74
Cross-Surah Verse Similarity
Ghafir · 40:1
Ḥā Mīm. The discussion on similar letters has already passed in Sūrah Al-Baqarah.
∿ similarity: 1.00
Fussilat · 41:1
Ḥā Mīm. The discussion on similar letters has already passed in Sūrah Al-Baqarah.
∿ similarity: 1.00
Ash-Shuraa · 42:1
This sūrah begins with the disconnected letters, the explanation for which has already preceeded in Sūrah Baqarah.
∿ similarity: 1.00
Az-Zukhruf · 43:1
Ḥā Mīm. The discussion on similar letters has already passed in Sūrah Al-Baqarah.
∿ similarity: 1.00
Al-Jathiyah · 45:1
Ḥā Mīm. The discussion on similar letters has already passed in Sūrah Al-Baqarah.
∿ similarity: 1.00
Al-Anbya · 21:16
And I did not create the heavens and the earth and whatever is in between as a plaything or in vain, but rather I created them to…
∿ similarity: 0.94
Frequently Asked Questions
What is Surah Ad-Dukhan?
Surah Ad-Dukhan (الدخان) is the 44th chapter of the Qur'an, comprising 59 verses revealed in Mecca.
What are the main themes of Surah Ad-Dukhan?
The main themes of Surah Ad-Dukhan are theology, prophethood, and cosmology.
Which key figures are mentioned in Surah Ad-Dukhan?
Surah Ad-Dukhan prominently features Pharaoh and Idris.
Is Surah Ad-Dukhan Meccan or Medinan?
Surah Ad-Dukhan is Meccan; it was revealed in Mecca and contains 59 verses.
Read Ad-Dukhan — All 59 Verses
Arabic text · Translation · Tafseer · Audio player · Per-verse concept tags